bengoldacre - secondary blog

ben goldacre witters on and on and on about things that are too long to post on twitter and not clever enough to post on his main blog at www.badscience.net

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    Do specialist journalists need to know anything about their subject? after @timharford

    Tim Harford has a column today on whether it's good for economics journalists to have economics degrees

    http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/27ee2108-49ef-11e0-acf0-00144feab49a.html#axzz1GN42e7Gd

    This comes up in science a lot. Here are three quick thoughts while I wait for the coffee machine to sort itself out:

    1. i suspect having a degree in science is a risk factor for writing competently, but not a guarantee, in the same way that being a specialist correspondent is a risk factor, not a guarantee (eg here, here, here, etc)

    2. a science degree in one topic obviously doesnt mean you know about ALL of science

    3. therefore "having a science degree" is in some respects probably just a proxy for "caring enough about science generally that you also care about not getting stuff completely wrong"

    I don't think that I've had much impact on science writing generally, but there's one meme that seems to have died out (it's possible that people are just too scared to say it near me).

    When I started writing about science, it was extremely commonplace to meet people, in journalism and in television, who would proudly tell you that they know nothing about science, and then explain that this meant they were in a better position to communicate science to a lay audience, because they could better identify with the mindset people who didn't understand it. "If I can understand my article, then the public can too".

    This is plainly untrue. Communicating ideas to people is always a matter of empathy: you need to be able to model, in your own mind, what it would be like not to already have the knowledge that you have. Every time you read your article back, after rejigging it, before you send it to be printed, you have to imagine that it's the first time you've ever seen it, so you can spot the missing bits, that after a deletion only exist in your head, and so on.

    Ignorance does not bring you a special path to this kind of empathy. To communicate an idea effectively and honestly, it's clear you need to understand it well yourself, but more than that, the deeper your understanding, the better your ability to develop new ways of expressing it, the more you are able to develop new and valid metaphors, allegories, parallels, and examples.

    I've said it a zillion times before, but I think one of the best places for science communication is Radio 4, for this precise reason: the majority of the words spoken in a radio 4 science documentary are spoken by the scientists themselves:

    http://www.badscience.net/2008/08/my-placebo-programme-on-bbc-radio-4/

    I’m an enormous fan of BBC Radio 4 science, and I’ve spent a fair amount of time thinking about why they’re so great. As well as resisting the drive to dumb down, there’s also one very important structural factor: around 70-80% of a radio science documentary – by necessity, for auditory colour – is made up of words spoken by the people who have done the science themselves.

    This is the kind of unmediated communication which is also so great in blogs by academics, because it is academic scientists explaining things in their own words, and even better, with the help of media people. This is exactly what the print world needs more of: fewer writers, and more editors, helping people who actually know about stuff to express it in a structured fashion for an intelligent audience lacking background knowledge.

    • 12 March 2011
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    about 1 year ago naylormatthew (Twitter) responded:
    Avatarolympics_normal
    True,

    You need to have understanding of the subject to be able to see when you're being bullshitted by politicians and to question the integrity of what you're being presented with.

    My area is support of those with disabilities and inclusive practice in education and care and it is immensely frustrated when reporting about relevant issues lacks accuracy and integrity simply because none of the journalists understand it.

    about 1 year ago SceptiGuy (Twitter) responded:
    Duck_normal
    I think the ultimate proof that deep understanding and clear explanation can happily coexist would be Richard Feynman. And the ultimate proof that ignorance can beget truly staggering ignorance might well be Jenny McCarthy.
    about 1 year ago mattyvau (Twitter) responded:
    16263_1_sero_normal
    To communicate an idea effectively and honestly, it's clear you need to understand it well yourself, but more than that, the deeper your understanding, the better your ability to develop new ways of expressing it...
    about 1 year ago mattyvau (Twitter) responded:
    16263_1_sero_normal
    Ok that was weird. Was meant to be more than the quote. Let's try again with the rest.

    You hit the nail on the head with <above>

    When helping a friend grasp a concept in our particular branch of study, I find it infinitely more effective when I know the concept well enough to manage a few explanations. Sometimes a first effort isn't too successful. Without a good understanding of the subject, it's difficult to get past the first attempt.

    about 1 year ago SceptiGuy (Twitter) responded:
    Duck_normal
    Is it just me or is there a disembodied voice here reciting the name "James Delingpole"? There's a man who is proud of his scientific ignorance and genuinely considers it qualifies him to comment in an unbiased way on a subject he admits he does not understand at all.

    The result, of course, is that he is simply a "useful idiot" abused by a fringe minority to fact-wash their nonsense into the mainstream media.

    about 1 year ago SceptiGuy (Twitter) liked this post.
    about 1 year ago drplez (Twitter) liked this post.
    about 1 year ago Steve Jones (Facebook) responded:
    It seems to me that the worst distortions of science on radio and TV are often by editors and journalist/presenters. I'd agree that Radio 4 is by far the best source of science journalism, at least in the specialist programmes. I'm somewhat less convinced about programmes like Today where some of the presenters clearly struggle with the concepts at times. Having said that, Today is a great deal better than most of the media.

    I've just been watching the coverage of the damaged nuclear facility in Japan on the BBC news channel. The coverage was vastly improved when they interviewed expert from my old university, although I suspect he's not wholly unbiased in outlook as a nuclear engineer. Something I bear in mind when listening to any expert representative of a profession. Listen to somebody from the BMA and I'm not just hearing a doctor - I'm also hearing somebody representing the interests of their profession.

    As far as a science degree is concerned, then I'd like to think that the individuals all had a disinterested and rational approach. However, that is far from always the case, and some disciplines are more value-loaded than others. It's difficult to get emotional about physics or mathematics, but medicine, power-generation, ecology and the like often have a more human context.

    about 1 year ago SceptiGuy (Twitter) responded:
    Duck_normal
    A lot of people don't realise that the BMA is mainly a trade union :-)
    about 1 year ago dundeephysics responded:
    dundeephysics
    I think it always helps in terms of trust for journalists to have a good grounding in whatever they might be talking about, from foreign affairs to science. The problem I think comes where the reader (i.e. me) is a non-expert. I can quite happily cope with physical sciences stories; biology starts to leave me a bit more cautious and by the time we get to politics and foreign affairs I have my general knowledge but there has to be a bond of trust with the journalists writing, else I just feel they don;' know what they are talking about and stop reading.

    With science issues there must therefore be an understanding of what is being discussed. You don't need a science degree but you need to be accurate and clear, otherwise, I hope, you'll get found out.

    about 1 year ago Chris responded:
    Chris
    I've evinced some thoughts focused back on the economists on http://www.chrismalins.co.uk/ - the gist being that there is a genuine difference between being cautious of economics graduates and being anti-scientific background.
    about 1 year ago Richard Blogger responded:
    I started as a physicist (PhD then post-doc) and then went on to software engineering. Then I started writing books about programming, and then after I found I could earn more from books than software I decided to be a full time writer. I had a series of columns on US magazines, spoke at conferences and wrote books.

    I know journalists who write about software and to be honest they aren't very good. To them they are journalists and software is a hobby. This comes across in their writing where it is clear that they do not test the software to its limits. More concerning, they appear to be reliant upon the press releases from the software company or (more often the presentations given to them at some press launch of the product). The result is a precis of what they have been told to write. These people are actually doing their job! They are *reporters* and they are reporting!

    I also know writers who have come through the same route as me and generally they know about the software. Sure we techies get invited to the press launches, but we get bored after half an hour and anyway, we are only there to get our own copy of the software to try it out ourselves. So the techies usually leave the presentation and if it is on the company's site, go and hunt out a developer in their office. If the presentation is during the evening, then the techies will be drawn naturally to the hotel bar (or the nearest pub) and so will the people from the software company. There, we techies find out what the software is supposed to do, and then later (either at home, or a few hours later in your hotel room) we find out really what the software does. The result is a much better, and in depth article. True warts and all.

    Oh and the journalists will say that their copy is better written. Well that may be true (although I've been doing it long enough now to know how to write readable English), but I would also say that is what editors are for.

    about 1 year ago Nathaniel responded:
    I'm amazed that a science journalist would ever admit to not having any science background or training. Essentially, they are admitting that they don't understand anything about the subject they are reporting on. Yes, the story will be written at the level of the reader, but clearly THEY are not the ones translating from the scientific to the popular. Instead, the scientist is doing it when they are interviewed, and the journalist is just doing stenography.

    So to my mind, they're are admitting that all they do is collect quotes and arrange them into a collage. Which, admittedly, is what the result looks like.

    about 1 year ago AndyG responded:
    Communicating ideas to people is always a matter of empathy: you need to be able to model, in your own mind, what it would be like not to already have the knowledge that you have.
    about 1 year ago AndyG responded:
    The above post was me trying to quote you and THEN saying that you hit the nail squarely on the head, and that this is exactly what I tell my students and postdocs when they give talks. First understand who your audience is, and then put yourself in the mind of that target audience.
    about 1 year ago DrNescio (Twitter) responded:
    Leeuw_normal
    (Shameless-plug alert) This incompetence is not limited to science:
    http://contusio-cordis.blogspot.com/2011/02/propaganda-posing-as-journalism.html
    http://contusio-cordis.blogspot.com/2011/01/facts-are-overrated-anyway.html
    about 1 year ago Roger responded:
    "If I can understand my article, then the public can too"...even if I don't understand the subject.
    about 1 year ago Bora Zivkovic liked this post.
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  • About Ben Goldacre

    I like stats. I'm a doctor. I write about dodgy scientific claims in my spare time.

    This isn't my main blog. Find me here:

    Blog:
    www.badscience.net/

    Book:
    http://www.amazon.co.uk/Bad-Science-Ben-Goldacre/dp/000728487X/?tag=bs0b-21

    Tweet:
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    TED talk:
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